Capillary and viscous forces during CO2 flooding in tight reservoirs
Abstract view|0|times PDF download|0|times
Abstract
In this study, the multiphase multicomponent Shan-Chen lattice Boltzmann method is employed to analyze the impact of capillary force on oil-CO2-water fluid flow and enhanced oil recovery. Various sizes of the single throat are designed to simulate the interaction between displacing and displaced phases as well as their mechanical equilibrium. Several sensitivities are taken into account, such as wettability, miscibility, interfacial tension, and pore aperture. Based on the objective reservoir conditions, supercritical CO2 as an injection fluid is adopted to study the influence of different displacement patterns on the mechanical equilibrium in both homogenous and heterogeneous porous media, in which enhanced oil recovery is also quantitatively estimated. The results show that the water-alternating-gas injection pattern reduces the moving speed of the leading edge by increasing the swept area of the residual oil, and inhibits the breakthrough effect of the gas, making it the optimal displacement method in terms of the degree of oil production. Compared with the results of different displacement patterns, the enhanced oil recovery of water-alternatinggas injection is the highest, followed by supercritical CO2 flooding after water flooding, and lastly, continuous supercritical CO2 flooding.
Cited as: Zhang, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, W., Xie, Q., Su, Y., Zafar, A. Capillary and viscous forces during CO2 flooding in tight reservoirs. Capillarity, 2022, 5(6): 105-114. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2022.06.01
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alvarado, V., Manrique, E. Enhanced oil recovery: An update review. Energies, 2010, 3(9): 1529-1575.
Bhatnagar, P. L., Gross, E. P., Krook, M. A model for collision processes in gases. I. Small amplitude processes in charged and neutral one-component systems. Physical Review, 1954, 94(3): 511-525.
Cai, J., Jin, T., Kou, J., et al. Lucas-Washburn equation-based modeling of capillary-driven flow in porous systems. Langmuir, 2021, 37(5): 1623-1636.
Cai, J., Yu, B., Mei, M., et al. Capillary rise in a single tortuous capillary. Chinese Physics Letters, 2010, 27(5): 054701.
Chen, H., Chen, S., Matthaeus, W. H. Recovery of the Navier-Stokes equations using a lattice-gas Boltzmann method. Physical Review A, 1992, 45(8): R5339-R5342.
Christensen, J. R., Stenby, E. H., Skauge, A. Review of WAG field experience. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 2001, 4(2): 97-106.
Dong, B., Yan, Y., Li, W. LBM simulation of viscous fingering phenomenon in immiscible displacement of two fluids in porous media. Transport in Porous Media, 2011, 88(2): 293-314.
Ghedan, S. G. Global laboratory experience of CO2-EOR flooding. Paper SPE 125581 Presented at the SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 19-21 October, 2009.
Guo, Z., Zheng, C., Shi, B. Non-equilibrium extrapolation method for velocity and pressure boundary conditions in the lattice Boltzmann method. Chinese Physics, 2002, 11(4): 366-374.
Jarrell, P. M., Fox, C. E., Stein, M. H., et al. Practical Aspects of CO2 Flooding. Richardson, USA, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002.
Jensen, M. D., Pei, P., Snyder, A. C., et al. Methodology for phased development of a hypothetical pipeline network for CO2 transport during carbon capture, utilization, and storage. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(8): 4175-4182.
Jiang, J., Rui, Z., Hazlett, R., et al. An integrated technical-economic model for evaluating CO2 enhanced oil recovery development. Applied Energy, 2019, 247: 190-211.
Khosravi, M., Bahramian, A., Emadi, M., et al. Mechanistic investigation of bypassed-oil recovery during CO2 injection in matrix and fracture. Fuel, 2014, 117: 43-49.
Lackner, K. S. A guide to CO2 sequestration. Science, 2003, 300(5626): 1677-1678.
Lambert, M. R., Marino, S. D., Anthony, T. L., et al. Implementing CO2 floods: No more delays! Paper SPE 35187 Presented at the Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, Texas, 27-29 March, 1996.
Landau, L. D., Lifshits, E. M. Fluid Mechanics. London, UK, Pergamon Press, 1959.
Lansangan, R. M., Smith, J. L. Viscosity, density, and composition measurements of CO2/West Texas oil systems. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1993, 8(3): 175-182.
Lenormand, R., Zarcone, C., Sarr, A. Mechanisms of the displacement of one fluid by another in a network of capillary ducts. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1983, 135: 337-353.
Liu, Y., Berg, S., Ju, Y., et al. Systematic investigation of corner flow impact in forced imbibition. Water Resources Research, 2022, 58(10): e2022WR032402.
Martin, D. F., Taber, J. J. Carbon dioxide flooding. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1992, 44(4): 396-400.
Nobakht, M., Moghadam, S., Gu, Y. Effects of viscous and capillary forces on CO2 enhanced oil recovery under reservoir conditions. Energy & Fuels, 2007, 21(6): 3469-3476.
Qian, Y. H., d’Humi`eres, D., Lallemand, P. Lattice BGK models for Navier-Stokes equation. Europhysics Letters, 1992, 17(6): 479-484.
Rao, D. N., Girard, M., Sayegh, S. G. Impact of miscible flooding on wettability, relative permeability, and oil recovery. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1992, 7(2): 204-212.
Salama, A., Cai, J., Kou, J., et al. Investigation of the dynamics of immiscible displacement of a ganglion in capillaries. Capillarity, 2021, 4(2): 31-44.
Shan, X., Chen, H. Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating flows with multiple phases and components. Physical Review E, 1993, 47(3): 1815-1819.
Shan, X., Chen, H. Simulation of nonideal gases and liquidgas phase transitions by the lattice Boltzmann equation. Physical Review E, 1994, 49(4): 2941-2948.
Shan, X., Doolen, G. Multicomponent lattice-Boltzmann model with interparticle interaction. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1995, 81(1): 379-393.
Tang, G., Morrow, N. R. Influence of brine composition and fines migration on crude oil/brine/rock interactions and oil recovery. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1999, 24(2-4): 99-111.
Tapia, J. F. D., Lee, J. Y., Ooi, R. E. H., et al. Optimal CO2 allocation and scheduling in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. Applied Energy, 2016, 184: 337-345.
Tsuji, T., Jiang, F., Christensen, K. T. Characterization of immiscible fluid displacement processes with various capillary numbers and viscosity ratios in 3D natural sandstone. Advances in Water Resources, 2016, 95: 3-15.
Wang, S., Chen, S., Li, Z. Characterization of produced and residual oils in the CO2 flooding process. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(1): 54-62.
Wang, G., Liao, R., Li, J. The development situation and future of low permeability oil reservoirs of SINOPEC. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2007, 14(3): 84-89. (in Chinese)
Wang, H., Su, Y., Wang, W., et al. CO2-oil diffusion, adsorption and miscible flow in nanoporous media from porescale perspectives. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022a, 450: 137957.
Wang, H., Wang, W., Su, Y., et al. Lattice Boltzmann model for oil/water two-phase flow in nanoporous media considering heterogeneous viscosity, liquid/solid, and liquid/liquid slip. SPE Journal, 2022b: 210564.
Wei, B., Zhang, X., Liu, J., et al. Adsorptive behaviors of supercritical CO2 in tight porous media and triggered chemical reactions with rock minerals during CO2-EOR and sequestration. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 381: 122577.
Welkenhuysen, K., Rupert, J., Compernolle, T., et al. Considering economic and geological uncertainty in the simulation of realistic investment decisions for CO2-EOR projects in the North Sea. Applied Energy, 2017, 185: 745-761.
Xiao, Y., He, Y., Zheng, J., et al. Modeling of two-phase flow in heterogeneous wet porous media. Capillarity, 2022, 5(3): 41-50.
Xu, T., Tian, H., Zhu, H., et al. China actively promotes CO2 capture, utilization and storage research to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(1): 1-3.
Yousef, A. A., Al Saleh, S., Al Kaabi, A., et al. Laboratory investigation of the impact of injection-water salinity and ionic content on oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 2011, 14(5): 578-593.
Zhang, L., Chen, L., Hu, R., et al. Subsurface multiphase reactive flow in geologic CO2 storage: Key impact factors and characterization approaches. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(3): 179-180.
Zhang, Y., Lashgari, H. R., Di, Y., et al. Capillary pressure effect on phase behavior of CO2/hydrocarbons in unconventional reservoirs. Fuel, 2017, 197: 575-582.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., Lei, X., et al. CO2 flooding enhanced oil recovery evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging technique. Energy, 2020, 203: 117878.
Zhou, X., Chen D., Xia Y., et al. Spontaneous imbibition characteristics and influencing factors of Chang 7 shale oil reservoirs in Longdong area, Ordos basin. Earth Science, 2022, 47(8): 3045-3055. (in Chinese)
Ziegler, D. P. Boundary conditions for lattice Boltzmann simulations. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1993, 71(5): 1171-1177.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.