Soft metal blanket with optional anti-sloshing conceptual designs to improve pressure control for floating and land-based liquefied natural gas tanks
Abstract view|522|times PDF download|240|times
Abstract
A conceptual design for an additional in-tank system in liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks (in offshore or land-based plants) is proposed for efficient control of tank pressure. This system involves simple supplementary components to standard boil-off handling systems. The design concept builds upon the recently recognised duality in tank pressure behaviour in large LNG tanks. Such behaviour is exploited to promote conditions where tank pressure naturally trends to lower levels and limits the significant and abrupt pressure increases that would otherwise occur from time to time during routine operations. The concept involves a soft floating metal blanket, which involves simple low-cost components, requires no additional power to run, is easily retrofitted to and removed from existing tanks. The construction modifications for tanks required are minor and could be beneficial to both land-based and offshore plants. In offshore plants this system is suitable for sheltered locations where LNG cargo sloshing is not an issue. The design concept can though be modified as a more complex and connected structure (an anti-sloshing floating soft metal blanket) to provide combined anti-sloshing and pressure-control capabilities for offshore applications. Both concepts provide their greatest potential benefits to offshore floating storage and regasification units and floating storage units with tanks constrained by tank strength design limits, typically those converted from LNG carriers. Additionally, the solutions presented have direct relevance to shore-based LNG tanks due to their simpler geometry and sloshing-free status.
Cited as: Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. Soft metal blanket with optional anti-sloshing conceptual designs to improve pressure control for floating and land-based liquefied natural gas tanks. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2019, 3(4): 424-447, doi: 10.26804/ager.2019.04.09
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bates, S., Morrison, D.S. Modelling the behaviour of stratified liquid natural gas in storage tanks: A study of rollover phenomenon. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1997, 40(8): 1875-1884.
Bureau Veritas. Strength assessment of LNG membrane tanks under sloshing loads. Guidance Note NI 564 DT R00 E. Marine Division, Neuilly sur Seine, France, 2011.
Cengel, Y., Ghajar, A.J. Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Aapplications. 5th Edition, New York, UAS, McGraw-Hill, 2014.
Chen, Y., Price, W.G., Temarel, P. Numerical simulation of liquid sloshing in LNG tanks using a compressible two-fluid flow model. Proceedings of the 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka, Japan, 21-26 June, 2009.
Cook, J. Flex LNG: The next generation of LNG carriers. Marine Money Week Conference, New York, UAS, 19-21 June, 2017.
Cult of Sea. Gas tanker-Types, tanks, reliquefaction and cargo handling operations. 2017.
Deshpande, K.B., Zimmerman, W.B., Tennant, M.T., et al. Optimization methods for the real-time inverse problem posed by modelling of liquefied natural gas storage. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 170(1): 44-52.
Det Norske Veritas. Sloshing Analysis of LNG Membrane Tanks. Oslo, Norway, DNV Classification Notes, 2016.
DNV-GL. LNG containment systems: Finding the way for Type A. Maritime Impact, 2019.
Grotle, E.L., Esoy, V. Dynamic modelling of the thermal response enhanced by sloshing in marine LNG fuel tanks. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2018, 135(5): 512-520.
GTT. LNG membrane tank technology provider, 2019.
Hashemi, H.T., Wesson, H.R. Cut LNG storage costs. Hydrocarbon Process. 1971, 50(1): 246-249.
Howard, B.C. Why did L.A. drop 96 million ’shade balls’ into its water? National Geographic 2015.
Kawasaki develops new moss-type tank for LNG transport vessels, obtains AIPs from three key organizations, 2017.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. LNG cargo handling (Part 1): New approach improves ship-to-ship LNG transfers. Oil Gas J. 2017a, 115(11): 56-60.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. LNG cargo handling (Conclusion): Tandem pressures between ships during STS transfers cuts gas losses. Oil Gas J. 2017b, 115(12): 65-70.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. Part 1: Improved monitoring onboard FSRUs is required to enhance operating performance and cut cargo loss. LNG J. 2017c, 22-24.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. Part II: Improved monitoring onboard FSRUs is required to Enhance operating performance and reduce cargo losses. LNG J. 2017d, 22-25.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. LNG rollover challenges and their mitigation on Floating Storage and Regasification Units: New perspectives in assessing rollover consequences. J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 2018, 54: 352-372.
Kulitsa, M., Wood, D.A. Duality in LNG tank-pressure behaviour and its relevance for ship-to-ship transfers to Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU). 2020 (undergoing peer review). Laciak, M. Liquefied natural gas storage of variable compo-sition. Arch. Min. Sci. 2015, 60 (1): 225-238.
Lee, D.H., Ha, M.K., Ki, S.Y., et al., Research of design challenges and new technologies for floating LNG. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. 2014, 6(2): 307-322.
Lee, M.S., Chung, C., Lee, S.G., Sloshing reduction using floating mat for floating LNG cargo containment system. Paper OTC-26793 Presented at Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 22-25 March, 2016.
Liljegren, A., Lindahl, O. Sloshing impact response in LNG membrane carriers. Masters Thesis 2015: X-15/329. Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology, 2015.
Liquefied Gas Carrier. Dual fuel diesel electric propulsion systems LNG carriers-Electric transmission losses & fuel cost, 2019.
Liquefied Gas Carrier. LNG vessel construction-Advantages of Moss Rosenberg technology, 2019.
Lloyds Register. Sloshing assessment guidance document for membrane tank LNG operations, 2009.
Marine Link. LNG ABAS blanket: Samsung heavy improve design, 2013.
Mokhatab, S., Mak, J.Y., Valappil, J.V., et al. Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas. Oxford, UK, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2014.
Olsen, E.S. The best of both worlds. ABB generations: Technical insight. 2016, 94-99.
Paine, S.N., Turner, D.D., Kuchler, N. Understanding thermal drift in liquid nitrogen loads used for radiometric calibration in the field. J. Atmosph. Ocean Technol. 2014, 31: 647-655.
Pandey, R. Conceptual design for LNG storage tank. Mechanical Engineering, 2017 (March, online image). Polinski, J. Materials in cryogenics. Wroclaw University of Technology, 2010.
Rudman, M., Prakash, M., Cleary, P.W. Simulation of liquid sloshing in a model LNG tank using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Paper ISOPE-I-09-540 Presented at 19th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka, Japan, 21-26 June, 2009.
Sprenger, F. Jahrbuch der Schiffbautechnischen Gesellschaft. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 1906.
Weyburne, D. A mathematical description of the fluid boundary layer. Appl. Math. Comput. 2006, 175: 1675-1684.
Weyburne, D. New thickness and shape parameters for describing the thermal boundary layer. arXiv: 1704.01120, 2018.
Wood, D.A., Kulitsa, M. A review: Optimizing performance of Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU) by applying advanced LNG tank pressure management strategies. Int. J. Energy Res. 2018, 42(4): 1391-1418.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.